coal mining alkaline

Abstract Coal is naturally enriched in trace ele-ments, including mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se). Alkaline mine drainage from mountaintop mining valley fill (MTM-VF)—the dominant form of surface coal mining in Appalachia, USA—releases large quantities of Se into streams draining mined catch-ments, resulting in elevated bioaccumulation of Se ...

Abstract. Coal is naturally enriched in trace elements, including mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se). Alkaline mine drainage from mountaintop mining valley fill (MTM-VF)—the dominant form of surface coal mining in Appalachia, USA—releases large quantities of Se into streams draining … See more

In 2021, U.S. abandoned coal mines produced an estimated 330,000 metric tons of methane – about 12.5% of the country's methane emissions from coal mining. Reducing methane emissions from abandoned coal mines ("abandoned mine methane") is challenging for many reasons. It requires accurate modeling and monitoring, financial …

Development Document - Western Alkaline Coal Mining Subcategory Development Document - Western Alkaline Coal Mining Subcategory i Acknowledgments This …

1. Introduction. Coal is a basic energy source significantly contributing to the economic development of China (Lei et al., 2016).According to National data, owing to the rapid economic and social development, raw coal production in China increased annually by 4.2%, from 1.47 × 10 12 kg in 2001 to 3.70 × 10 12 kg in 2018 (Statistics, …

Subpart H—Western Alkaline Coal Mining. Source: 67 FR 3407, Jan. 23, 2002, unless otherwise noted. § 434.80 Specialized definitions. (a) The term brushing and grubbing area means the area where woody plant materials that would interfere with soil salvage operations have been removed or incorporated into the soil that is being salvaged.

One aspect of planning surface mining operations, regulated by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), is estimating potential environmental impacts during mining operations and the reclamation period that follows. ... (BMPs) for erosion control at Western Alkaline Surface Coal Mines. Our specific objectives were (1) to ...

Abstract: A careful test of alkaline addition combined with special handling has been performed during mining of 27 acres of coal overlain by slightly to moderately pyritic overburden at the Kauffman Mine. Overburden holes indicate alkaline deficiencies of up to I 090 tons CaC03/acre. Sulfur contents for 1-to 3-foot intervals average

7. BPT for the Western Alkaline Coal Mining Subcategory . EPA is today promulgating BPT effluent limitations for the Western Alkaline Coal Mining Subcategory to control sediment in discharges from reclamation areas, brushing and grubbing areas, topsoil stockpiling areas, and regraded areas.

The enhanced weathering potential of alkaline materials (see Supplementary Fig. 6) ranges between 2.6 and 3.8 GtCO 2 yr −1 in 2050, and increases to between 4.3 (SSP5) and 8.5 (SSP2) GtCO 2 yr ...

Coal ash use is suitable only for use at active coal sites and their adjacent abandoned areas, not noncoal sites. To use a coal ash at a mine site for reclamation, soil amendment, alkaline additive, or as a low-permeability material, the source of the coal ash must first be certified through the Bureau of Mining Programs. The source must ...

Alkaline mine drainage contains a mixture of major ions and trace elements and we used these along with non-AlkMD related variation in water chemistry to create a composite PCA score. We separated variables into stream water and sediment chemistry groups to examine differences in exposure of microorganism samples to water column …

Genesis Energy L.P. acquired Tronox Ltd. and formed Genesis Alkali LLC for the Westvaco mine. ... Looking at the numbers, the average U.S. longwall mine operating in coal produced 5.09 million tpy in 2019 compared to 5.11 million tpy in 2018. On average, it has a cutting height of 96.4 in., a panel width (or face length) of 1,216 ft, and a ...

particularly as coal reserves with alkaline overburden have been mostly exhausted. As highly alkaline-deficient sites are increasingly proposed for mining, higher alkaline addition rates on the order of 1,000 to 3,000 tons per acre, once very rare, are becoming commonplace. This has led to concerns that very

The addition of alkaline materials to supplement deficient "neutralization potential" (NP) of mine spoil, and thus to prevent or abate acid mine drainage, has riot been successful at most surface coal mines in Pennsylvania. A basic problem may have been improper accounting for acid‐production potential and thus inadequate addition rates of calcium …

Western Alkaline Surface Coal Mines OSM cooperative agreement S09AP15470 Final Report . Reporting period - 8/1/09 to 10/31/12 . ... In 2002, EPA established the Western Alkaline Coal Mining Subcategory to encourage the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control erosion and sediment from coal mining reclamation and ...

Further, N addition reduces plant diversity in slightly alkaline soils (Bai et al., 2015, Gao et al., ... Due to the lack of protection awareness, the vegetation and surface soil are continuously destroyed during coal mining and construction, and restoration measures are not timely and actively carried out after the completion of development ...

With advances in eDNA metabarcoding, environmental microbiomes are increasingly used as cost-effective tools for monitoring ecosystem health. Stream ecosystems in Central Appalachia, heavily impacted by alkaline drainage from mountaintop coal mining, present ideal opportunities for biomonitoring using stream microbiomes, …

Large amounts of by-products, including coal gangue, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) slag, and coal fly ash (CFA), are generated during mining, washing and burning of high alumina coal (HAC). The stockpile of these by-products of HAC will cause the pollution of air, water and soil. Meanwhile, the unbalanced regional distribution of bauxite …

Any form of mining is a potential threat to the environment. The extent of environmental degradation depends on the status of mine (working/abandoned), type of deposit, mining and processing methods and the geo-atmospheric conditions. Coal mining has huge impacts to local water resources, both surface and ground water. Surface …

Coal gangue, an industrial waste generated from coal mining and processing, has become one of the largest solid wastes in countries such as China, India, Australia, and South Africa [15]. Currently, coal gangue is mainly used for road construction [ 16, 17 ] and the production of sintered bricks [ 18 ], with a relatively low comprehensive ...

The activity of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase was twice as high in plots dominated by grass species compared with those dominated by forbs. ... G. Diversity of vegetation on coal-mine ...

Diversity and activity of methanotrophs in alkaline soil from a Chinese coal mine. Culture-independent molecular biological techniques, including 16S rRNA gene and functional gene clone libraries and microarray analyses using pmoA (encoding a key subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase), were applied to investigate the methanotroph ...

Coal and host rock, including the gangue dump, are important sources of toxic elements, which have high-contaminating potential to surface and groundwater. Surface water in the coal mine area and groundwater in the active or abandoned coal mines have been observed to be polluted by trace elements, such as arsenic, mercury, …

Coal mining in the region generates alkaline mine drainage (AlkMD), causing dramatic increases in conductivity, alkalinity, sulfate and metals sufficient to degrade stream macrobiota communities throughout the ecoregion. In this study, we examined the relationship between water and biofilm chemistry and biofilm bacteria taxonomic …

Coal mining in the region generates alkaline mine drainage (AlkMD), causing dramatic increases in conductivity, alkalinity, sulfate and metals sufficient to …

The Marchand passive treatment system was constructed in 2006 for a 6,000 L/min discharge from an abandoned underground bituminous coal mine located in western Pennsylvania, USA. The system consists of six serially connected ponds followed by a large constructed wetland. Treatment performance was monitored between December 2006 …

Applying WEPP Technologies to Western Alkaline Surface Coal Mines. J. Wu, S. Dun, +7 authors. R. Mcnearny. Published 2011. Environmental Science, Engineering. One aspect of planning surface mining operations, regulated by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), is estimating potential environmental impacts during …

Shifts in freshwater benthic microbial metagenomics along a gradient of alkaline coal mine drainage @article{Bier2020SubsidizedOS, title={Subsidized or stressed? Shifts in freshwater benthic microbial metagenomics along a gradient of alkaline coal mine drainage}, author={Raven L. Bier and Jennifer J. Wernegreen and Rytas …

According to the 2021 China Statistical Yearbook, China's coal consumption accounts for 60% of its total energy consumption. However, China's coal resources account for > 70% of the country's proven reserves in the western ecologically fragile mining areas, which account for only 9.03% of water resources [1].Meanwhile, the climate in the …

§ 434.40 Applicability; description of the alkaline mine drainage subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are applicable to alkaline mine drainage from an active …

Subpart H - Western Alkaline Coal Mining; 40 CFR Subpart H - Western Alkaline Coal Mining . CFR ; prev next § 434.80 Specialized definitions. § 434.81 Applicability. § 434.82 Effluent limitations attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

Coal mining in the region generates alkaline mine drainage (AlkMD), causing dramatic increases in conductivity, alkalinity, sulfate and metals sufficient to degrade stream macrobiota communities ...

Alkaline Mine Drainage. Post-Mining Areas. Coal Remining. Western Alkaline Coal Mining. (Subparts A and F contain General and Miscellaneous …

Such discharges are characterized as Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) or Net Alkaline Mine Drainage (NAMD) based on their chemical constituents (Scott and Hays, 1975, Rose and Cravotta, 1998). Acid Mine Drainage, resulting from the exposure of pyritic materials to air and water during and after active mining, is a highly acidic (pH < 4.5; …

Organomineral potassium humate was extracted from coal mining waste from the Lenger deposit (Turkestan region, Kazakhstan) by alkaline extraction using an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. The time and temperature of the process were investigated for the degree of extraction and yield of the product. A comprehensive study …

Alkali Metals. Every metals of group I of the periodic table like lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium. NaK, or sodium-potassium alloy, is also considered an alkali metal because it is a mixture of two alkali metals, sodium and potassium. Almost all the alkali metals are very reactive with air and water.

For example, mine water in the Kizelovsk coal basin (Russia) is acidic (pH = 2.5), in the Kuznetsk coal basin (Russia) it is alkaline (pH = 10.4), and in the Donetsk basin pH ranges from 2.7 to 8.0 (Tarasenko and Zinkov, 2013, 2014; Tarasenko et al., 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020; Tarasenko, 2018). These variations are related to various factors and ...