concentration of metals in plants

The expansion of the phytoremediation approach to preventing the accumulation of lead in soil and water can be improved by upgrading the …

Metal uptake is highly a complex process involving metal transfer from soil sap to inside cells of roots (Tangahu et al. 2011 ). Soil sap enters the root through root hairs. Saifullah et al. ( 2009) elaborated mechanism of metal uptake in which soil sap first enters symplast by crossing plasma membrane and then passes through cells by means of ...

Heavy metal contamination of soils is one of the main factors contributing to soil quality decline and loss of biodiversity, which is also associated with plant …

The unit of measurement for the concentration of heavy metals is micrograms per gram (μgg −1). Due to the vast sampling area and distribution of the samples, the concentration of heavy metals in 128 leaf samples of different plants varied from 0 to 66.75 for Cd and 0 to 282.65 for Pb.

Heavy metals also pose an ecological risk to plants, such as trees in urban habitats. While certain metals are essential for normal plant functions, others can have an adverse effect on biochemical and physiological parameters [ 5 ], seed germination, plant growth, and morphological parameters [ 6, 7 ].

Uptake of heavy metals by plants and subsequent accumulation along the food chain is a potential threat to animal and human health (Jiwan and Kalamdhad, 2011). ... Violin plot showing log 2 (concentration) values of five heavy metals in 1773 samples and permissible limits in different countries of each heavy metal ...

1. Introduction. Heavy metals belong to the group of the most dangerous pollutants in ecotoxicology regarding their high toxicity and their significant amounts released into the environment as a result of natural and anthropogenic processes [1,2,3,4].This situation creates a need for research focusing on the assessment of the …

The concentration of total metals in the studied plants was 29–60 ppm. The PInemerow for studied stations was 0.1711, 0.1708, and 0.1463. The highest PI in the case of lead was observed at the ...

Heavy Metal Toxicity Effects on Plants. Although heavy metals are naturally present in the soil, geologic and anthropogenic activities increase the concentration of these elements to amounts that are harmful to plants. Some of these activities include the mining and smelting of metals, the burning of fossil fuels, the use of …

1.1. Heavy Metal Abundance. Heavy metals are natural elements that are found at various high background. levels (Table 1.1) at different places throughout the world, due to various. concentrations ...

These plants are able to tolerate high metal levels through diverse mechanisms such as (i) exclusion: restriction of metal transport and maintenance of a constant metal concentration in the shoot over a wide range of soil concentrations; (ii) inclusion: metal concentrations in the shoot reflecting those in the soil solution through a …

For the measurement of bioavailability of metals, plants are usually preferred over traditional chemical tests because they give a more direct measurement of bioaccumulation of metals without the need for interpolations of extraction concentration to an effect (Harmsen, 2007; Kim et al., 2015).

The exact estimation of the heavy metals concentration in different soils is very important for determining the degree of soil contamination. This study was designed to determine the ability to extract heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in calcareous soils using standard methods of digestion (ISO 14869-1, ISO 11466 and EPA …

accumulated this metal to about 4 000 mg kg – 1 in roots and 1 300 mg kg – 1 in leaves. [1 8] Mercury effects on plants. The large input of mercury (Hg) into the arable lands has resulted in ...

The chemical analysis of heavy metals concentration (Cd and Pb) in 292 samples of vegetables and fruits was performed under the official food inspection carried out by the State Sanitary Inspection.

Specifically, for plants along the highway, Cyperus rotundus showed a significant enrichment in Cd and demonstrated a notable capacity to translocate heavy metals from its roots to aerial parts. This is evidenced by the elevated concentration of Cd in the plant's aboveground tissues (0.87 mg/kg).

Bioconcentration factor (BCF) is the heavy metal concentration present in the plant biomass divided by heavy metal in FA (Raj et al., 2020).It is an important parameter in phytoremediation determining information on the metal uptake, its mobilization into the plant tissues, and storage in the shoot parts (Newman & Unger, 2003).BCF is used to …

The entry and transport of heavy metal in plants, strategies of plants to overcome the lethal consequences, and the specific toxic effects of heavy metals on …

Metals uptake by plants may be conveniently assessed by the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), translocation factors (TF) and transfer coefficients (TC) (Table 3). The former is defined as the ratio between the metal concentration in the above-ground parts of plant and its content in the soil.

Metal-hyperaccumulating plants are able to accumulate exceptionally high concentrations of metals in their tissues. A new insight was provided that some metal …

Other minerals such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), and antimony (Sb) are toxic to plants even at low concentration. These metals, collectively defined as heavy metals since their density is higher than 5.0 g cm −3, are not considered to be nutrients because they have no known …

The heavy metals content (HMs) was investigated in 14 different medicinal plants collected from the three regions in Central Serbia, Zlatar, Sokobanja, and Kopaonik. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg …

Food safety is an important issue in the world. This study assessed the health risk for the Chinese public when consuming vegetables grown in China, based on 1335 data records from 220 published papers during 2007–2016. The results showed that the average of Pb, Cd, and Hg concentration in vegetables was 0.106, 0.041, and 0.008 …

The average content of Pb in the buffer zones of various types was 3.75–3.76 mg kg−1. The content of Pb in the plants at 20–30 m from the surface water bodies increased by 1.3–1.5 times ...

The transfer coefficient was calculated by. dividing the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables by. the total heavy metals concentration in the soil. TF = C plant / Csoil. where, C plant ...

The average estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals depends on both the metal concentration in plants and the amount of consumption of the respective plants. The EDI of heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by the human subjects was calculated using Eq. 1, recommended by the US EPA [22, 23].

The relationship of Hg, Cu, and Cd concentrations in soil and plants was determined using the transfer factor (TF) = Plant Concentration (Cp)/Soil Concentration (Cs) [TF = Cp/Cs] (Lato et al. 2012 ...

Total Zn concentration in Juncus plants range from 36.2 mg/L to 264.59 mg/L for leaves and 53.20 mg/L for roots, while the concentration of Zn in Iris plants was in the ranged from 45.85 mg/L to ...

The review paper, summaries the results of heavy metal concentration reported by several authors in the soils of North Indian states viz. Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, and crop response towards different heavy metal exposure. The metals which are included in this review study are mainly Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, …