oil shale processing

This paper briefly describes the research status of oil shale pyrolysis technology and the main factors affecting oil shale pyrolysis, with emphasis on four kinds of commonly used catalysts: The effects of natural minerals, metal compounds, molecular sixes, and supported catalysts on the pyrolysis of oil shale were discussed. The …

Shale oil processing is defined as an industrial process to which raw shale oil is subjected to extract oil from it—basically a process to produce unconventional oil …

During the process of oil shale retorting, the endothermic changes of the oil shale occur in four stages. The first, or the dehydration stage, takes place at 100 °C [11]. The heat capacity of the oil shale is equal to dry-basis heating plus the heat of vaporization of free water equivalent to the inherent moist content in the shale.

One involves mining and crushing oil shale and then transporting the rock to a processing plant where it is heated in special retorts to temperatures of about 500 °C (930 °F). The …

The Esso Oil Company made a US$5 billion investment in a room-and-pillar type oil shale mine and a pilot-scale shale oil plant with the capacity to process 1000 tons of oil shale per day near Parachute Creek in the Piceance Basin in Colorado (Fig. 12). The "Colony Oil Project" began in 1964 and was operated by a consortium of different ...

Oil Shale Processing, Chemistry and Technology. The work summarizes the various process emissions that occur during petroleum refining. There are also general descriptions of the various pollution, health, and environmental problems especially specific to the petroleum industry and places in perspective the government regulations as well …

The technology for in-situ conversion of oil shale is based on hydraulic fracturing, whereby the fractured oil shale is subjected to heating through methods such as hot steam injection, electricity, combustion, and radiation (Liu, 2019).At elevated temperatures, the kerogen within the oil shale undergoes pyrolysis, resulting in the …

Oil Shale Extraction. The process of extracting liquid crude oil from the ground is comparatively simple to extracting oil shale. Pressure from gases trapped in the chamber where oil is present force the crude oil to the …

Oil shale is an unconventional energy source with abundant reserves. However, the global oil shale resources have not been fully exploited. In-situ oil shale extraction technology based on electric heating has gradually become a research focus in this field. In this study, the construction of a numerical simulation model for the in-situ …

Oil shale is a rock that contains significant amounts of organic material in the form of kerogen. Up to 1/3 of the rock can be solid organic material. Liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons can be extracted from the oil …

Study of critical temperature and effective energy of oil shale pyrolysis. During the process of oil shale retorting, the endothermic changes of the oil shale occur in four stages. The first, or the dehydration stage, takes place at 100 °C [11]. The heat capacity of the oil shale is equal to dry-basis heating plus the heat of vaporization of ...

Oil Shale Processing, Chemistry, and Technology. January 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9763-3_102. In book: Fossil Energy (pp.47-83) Authors: Vahur Oja. Eric M. Suuberg. Brown University. To read ...

Surface processing. Four basic steps are involved in the aboveground processing of oil shale: mining the ore (either through underground or surface mining), crushing the ore to a size that can be handled by the retort, retorting (heating) the crushed shale to pyrolysis temperatures, and upgrading the oil obtained by pyrolysis of the organic ...

The oil cuts were distilled from a gasoline fraction (boiling range from about 363 to 453 K) from oil shale retorting oil, which was produced from Estonian kukersite oil shale by the Galoter process.

Oil shale, an organic-rich sedimentary rock, holds significant potential as an unconventional energy source due to its abundant kerogen content, which can be …

Shale oil, sometimes termed retort oil, is the liquid oil condensed from the effluent in oil shale retorting and typically contains appreciable amounts of water and solids, as well as having an irrepressible tendency to form sediments. However, shale oils are sufficiently different from crude oil that processing shale oil presents some unusual ...

@article{osti_6510105, title = {Oil shale processing technology}, author = {Allred, V D}, abstractNote = {This excellent monograph of information compiled by experts from around the world in the field of processing oil shales presents a comprehensive review of all commercial or near-commercial processing technology for producing crude oil from the …

Oil shale processing industry in Estonia also has been substantially effected by oil price drop. To improve the economic feasibility of the oil shale processing plant in Estonia, integration of a hydrogen production unit based on catalytic steam reforming technology with pressure swing adsorption purification is analysed in this paper …

Oil Shale: A type of sedimentary rock composed chiefly of a combination of silt and clay. Shale may contain kerogen, a type of organic matter that yields oil and gas. Shale formations are best ...

The oil shale refinery process with the indirectly heated moving bed is modeled and simulated in this work. Based on the simulation, a techno-economic analysis is performed and compared with the conventional Fushun oil shale refinery process. Results show that: for a shale refinery of 3.0 Mt/y scale, 375 t/h oil shale retorting requires 149.6 ...

The oil shale retorting process with gas heat carrier (OSR-GHC), for example, Fushun-type retorting technology, has many shortcomings, such as [5], [6]: (1) it can only utilize the coarse oil shale particles bigger than 10 mm in diameter. However, the fine oil shale particles produced from the grinding process are 20–40% of the total oil …

Oil shale is a dirty and expensive source of unconventional oil. Oil shale is a mixture of sand, silt, salt, and an insoluble organic substance called kerogen. Rock-like at room temperature, oil shale produces vapors and gases when heated, which in turn are condensed and turned into oil. Oil shale shouldn't be confused with "shale oil," also ...

The Oil Shale (Goryuchie Slantsy) was founded in 1984 as a joint scientific-technical journal of the Academies of Sciences of the former USSR and Estonian SSR. The Oil Shale is concerned with geology, mining, genesis, composition, methods of processing and combustion, economics and utilization of oil shale and bituminous sands, as well as with ...

The main product of oil shale processing is low-end fuel oil or hydrogenated low-end fuel oil, which can be combined with diesel and LPG to compensate for the oil shortage to a certain extent. The prices of these oil shale processing products are linked to crude oil prices. During periods of high oil prices in the US, Brazil, China, etc., more ...

Four oil-shale samples from two regions of Pakistan have been pyrolysed in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) in relation to heating rate and temperature using non-isothermal and isothermal analysis respectively. The heating rates investigated in the TGA were 5–40 K min −1 to a final temperature of 950°C. The main region of weight loss ...

However, full-scale oil shale processing is expected to require 0.7 to 1.2 litres of water for every litre of oil produced, primarily for site remediation, drilling or mining, and upgrading of the synthetic crude. Power generation could be an important additional application for oil shale if traditional methods of steam condensation are used ...

Jianzheng Su. Abstract and Figures. This comprehensive review presents a holistic examination of oil shale as a significant energy resource, focusing on its global …

It is a liquid fuel produced from solid oil shale via a process called pyrolysis [2, 3], and it has been estimated that at least 4.7 trillion barrels of oil could be produced from known deposits ...

The solid heat carrier moving bed with internals is an advanced oil shale retorting technology. However, the retorting gas produced by pyrolysis is generally used as fuel gas. The content of CO, H2, and CH4 in the retorting gas is high, and direct combustion leads to resource waste and environmental pollution. In addition, heteroatomic sulfur and …

The in-situ mining technology of oil shale based on electric heating is gradually becoming the research focus in this field. In this paper, the electric heating mechanism, pyrolysis mechanism, and entropy production theory of oil shale are introduced. The traditional electric heating technology ( Shell in-situ conversion process, …

@article{osti_5390194, title = {Apparatus and system for processing oil shale}, author = {Hanson, L}, abstractNote = {Apparatus is described for treating oil shale by microwave energy for recovering heated volatile fractions thereof. The microwave oven includes a sloping feeder made of glass, pyrex, or ceramic material. The feeder is reciprocated back …

1. Introduction. Oil shale (OS) reserve in China is around 7.2 × 10 11 tons and is of some potential to play a role in meeting the country's energy demand [[1], [2], [3]].Currently, the commonly adopted process for the commercial-scale utilization of oil shale is retorting to produce shale oil and fuel gas [4, 5].However, the discarded fine oil …

Shale oil, also called tight oil, is a type of oil that can be extracted by heating and upgrading kerogen trapped within shale formations - arrangements of fine-grained sedimentary rock.This type of oil resource …