nickel smelting and refining process

The conventional smelting and refining of Ni sulfide concentrates is an effective strategy for extracting Ni from sulfide ores. However, during the smelting process, sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide (SO 2), which poses a significant environmental hazard.The present work investigates the feasibility of an alternative process to recover …

Currently, the main smelting processes of nickel sulfide ore involve flash smelting and pool smelting [ 19, 20, 21, 22 ]. Spraying the deeply dehydrated powder concentrate …

A typical pyrometallurgical copper smelting process, as illustrated in Figure 12.3-1, includes 4 steps: roasting, smelting, concentrating, and fire refining. Ore concentration is roasted to reduce impurities, including sulfur, antimony, arsenic, and lead. The roasted product, calcine, serves as a dried and heated charge for the smelting furnace.

Smelting and refining at the Harima Refinery Raw Materials Nickel / cobalt mixed sulfide with a 50 to 60% nickel grade produced in Coral Bay Nickel Corporation and Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation, which are Sumitomo Metal Mining's subsidiaries, using the HPAL (High Pressure Acid Leach) process is used as raw material.

adjust the composition by oxidizing excess zinc. The alloying process is, to some extent, mutually exclusive of the smelting and refining processes described above that lead to relatively pure copper. 12.9.2.4 Casting - The final recovery process step is the casting of alloyed or refined metal products. The molten

In this process, PGMs are concentrated in the matte phase at a lower smelting temperature ranging from 1000°C to 1450°C with the addition of metallic nickel and sulfide or nickel sulfide including NiS and Ni 2 S 3, and that of fluxes such as CaO, Na 2 CO 3, Na 2 B 4 O 7 or all three (Peng et al., 2018).

The major co-products of nickel smelting and refining, namely copper matte and blister copper, cobalt compounds, and sulfuric acid, are included in the analysis. ... the energy credit was applied to the smelting process. Cobalt is an important co-product of nickel production; refined cobalt is a product of nearly all Class I nickel refineries.

The primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from nickel smelting products have been assessed through case studies using a process model based on mass and energy balance. The required primary energy for producing nickel metal, nickel oxide, ferronickel, and nickel pig iron is 174 GJ/t alloy (174 GJ/t …

nickel processing, preparation of the metal for use in various products. Although it is best known for its use in coinage, nickel (Ni) has become much more important for its many industrial applications, which owe their …

In flash smelting, dry sulfide ore containing less than 1% moisture is fed to the furnace along with preheated air, oxygen-enriched air (30–40% oxygen), or pure oxygen. Iron and sulfur are oxidized. The heat that results from exothermic reactions is adequate to smelt concentrate, producing a liquid matte (up to 45% nickel) and a fluid slag.

Nickel smelting and converting Ausmelt TSL Furnaces have been designed, built and operated to handle nickel concentrates with nickel content as low as 5%. Nickel converting is also available to upgrade low grade mattes before refining. PGM recovery can be targeted specifically using the Ausmelt TSL Process. Similarly,

The Niihama Nickel Refinery is the only plant in Japan that produces electrolytic nickel and electrolytic cobalt. Electrolytic nickel production began in 1939 and has since undergone two major production process changes. Production now operates using an extremely efficient method known as MCLE (Matte Chlorine Leach Electrowinning).

During the smelting process, sulphur and other impurities are removed from the nickel concentrate. Sari Muinonen, Process Technology and Custom Feed Manager, has worked at the Sudbury smelter since 2010. ... The refining process begins by grinding the raw material into a fine powder and then transporting it to the chlorine …

Nickel production from high-magnesium nickel oxide ores follows a pyrometallurgical process including prereduction, smelting in a blast furnace, and nickel enrichment refining. 71 During the smelting stage, besides the nickel alloy, nickel slag is …

During the smelting process, sulphur and other impurities are removed from the nickel concentrate. Sari Muinonen, Process Technology and Custom Feed Manager, has worked at the Sudbury …

The extraction of nickel from ore follows much the same route as copper, and indeed, in a number of cases, similar processes and … See more

Nickel matte remains after the mining and processing of either lateritic or sulfidic ore. Using the fluid bed roasting procedure, a 95 percent pure nickel can be achieved after additional refinement. Electric cells provide for a more efficient refining process. The remaining impurities are removed from the nickel using electrical cells …

The produced concentrates need to be smelted in a process emitting SO 2-rich gases, and the refining of smelted products is usually performed by leaching with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, which …

The oldest, and still the most common smelting process for oxide ores involves heating them in the presence of carbon. Originally, charcoal was used, but industrial-scale smelting uses coke, a crude form of carbon prepared by pyrolysis (heating) of coal. The basic reactions are: [MO + C rightleftharpoons M + CO label{2.1}]

Smelting. Gresik Copper Smelter & Refinery. Our Metals Business got its start in 1873, when Mitsubishi founder Yataro Iwasaki acquired and began operations at the Yoshioka Mine in Okayama Prefecture. In 1887, we also acquired a mine in Osarizawa. Full-fledged smelting and refining operations commenced in 1896, when we acquired the Ikuno and ...

• Nickel flash smelting • Nickel direct flash smelting and converting (DON) ... The leaching process results in an aqueous nickel and/or cobalt sulfate solution. This solution is further treated through iron, manganese, and other impurity-removal and solvent- ... minerals processing and metals refining industries globally. By improving our

In addition to the mining process, smelting and refining operations also contribute enormously to carbon emissions because of their electricity consumption, …

Keywords: laterite; smelting; RKEF process; low-grade ferro-nickel 1. Introduction According to a review published by Diaz et al., oxide-type nickel ores accounted for 64% …

Nickel-containing industrial wastes from various regions were recycled to produce nickel anode plates via furnace smelting and electric arc refining furnace processes (CNMIA, 2016). Here, the abovementioned nickel anode plate was used as the raw material in the electrolysis process at the refining stage of electrolytic nickel …

Smelting followed by refining is the conventional technology to extract nickel from the sulfide ores as metallic nickel. However, during the smelting process, significant amounts of sulfur dioxide are generated . When the off-gas of the smelting process contains 10–12 vol pct SO 2, then it can be efficiently captured .

The Parkes zinc-desilvering process is the most widely used pyrometallurgical method of refining lead bullion. As in smelting, the lead is first melted and again allowed to cool below the freezing point of copper, which crystallizes and, along with any remaining nickel, cobalt, and zinc, is removed by skimming. The lead mix then passes to a.

Details of smelting and refining practice are provided for the three largest nickel producers. For completeness, other extractionprocesses involving a mixed sulphide, pellets from the carbonyl process, nickel powders, and briquettes are noted in the compendium of nickel processing practice, which includes pyrometallurgical principles.

Metallurgy - Matte Smelting, Refining, Alloying: The primary purpose of matte smelting is to melt and recombine the charge into a homogeneous matte of metallic copper, nickel, cobalt, and iron sulfides and to give an iron and silicon oxide slag. It is done in many types of furnace on both roasted or unroasted sulfide feed material. The reverberatory furnace …

The base metal refinery utilises a sulphuric acid solution to dissolve out nickel, copper, cobalt and any residual iron from the PGM-bearing converter matter. The base metal refinery produces a palladium, platinum and rhodium-rich filter cake (from the recycling process), which is further processed to refined metal by a third-party refiner.

Outotec® Nickel Flash Smelting Process is a benchmark nickel-smelting method and a clear global leader in the world's primary nickel production from sulfide raw …

Smelting consists of purification of specific metals. Alloying involves to obtain desirable qualities characteristic copper smelting operations are shown in Figure shown in Figure 2.2-2. Scrap pretreatment may be achieved through manual, hydrometallurgical methods. Manual and mechanical and magnetic separation.